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CivilSolve

Dynamics

Work–Energy Theorem

Find speed or travel distance using work and kinetic energy for a particle, including constant forces, gravity, springs, and kinetic friction.

Direct solving is free and needs no account. Have a word problem instead? Submit it as text.

Inputs

Load a sample problem:
work termsWork terms acting on the body between states 1 and 2
work terms 1

Worked examples

These are the solver's own reference problems — the answers come from published sources or independent hand computation, never from the solver itself. The solution below is the live solver output for each.

Example 1

pushed block: m=2 kg, v1=3 m/s, F=10 N over 5 m

Given

mass
2 kg
initial velocity
3 m/s
solve for
finalVelocity
work terms
  1. 1.kind constant-forceforce 10 Ndistance 5 mangle deg 0

Assumptions

  • The body is treated as a particle; work terms are the TOTAL work done on it between states 1 and 2; g = 9.80665 m/s².

Solution steps

  1. Set up the work–energy theorem

    The change in kinetic energy equals the total work done on the body.

    T1 + ΣU = T2 with T = m·v²/2

    Total work ΣU = 50 J

  2. Solve for the final speed

    Rearrange the theorem for the unknown kinetic energy, then take the square root.

    v = √(v_known² ± 2·ΣU/m)

    T1 = 9 J; ΣU = 50 J; T2 = 59 J; v = 7.681 m/s

    = 7.681 m/s

Results

Final speed v2

7.681m/s

Kinetic energy T1

0.009kJ

Total work ΣU

0.05kJ

Kinetic energy T2

0.059kJ

Where this answer was checked
source
T1 + ΣU = T2 (NCEES FE Reference Handbook work-energy)single constant force along the motion
verified by
hand-recomputed
derivation
T1 = 0.5·2·9 = 9 J; U = 10·5 = 50 J; T2 = 59 J; v2 = √(2·59/2) = √59 = 7.6811 m/s.

Example 2

spring launcher: k=200 N/m compressed 0.1 m, m=0.5 kg from rest

Given

mass
0.5 kg
initial velocity
0 m/s
solve for
finalVelocity
work terms
  1. 1.kind springstiffness 200 N/minitial deformation 0.1 mfinal deformation 0 m

Assumptions

  • The body is treated as a particle; work terms are the TOTAL work done on it between states 1 and 2; g = 9.80665 m/s².

Solution steps

  1. Set up the work–energy theorem

    The change in kinetic energy equals the total work done on the body.

    T1 + ΣU = T2 with T = m·v²/2

    Total work ΣU = 1 J

  2. Solve for the final speed

    Rearrange the theorem for the unknown kinetic energy, then take the square root.

    v = √(v_known² ± 2·ΣU/m)

    T1 = 0 J; ΣU = 1 J; T2 = 1 J; v = 2 m/s

    = 2 m/s

Results

Final speed v2

2m/s

Kinetic energy T1

0kJ

Total work ΣU

0.001kJ

Kinetic energy T2

0.001kJ

Where this answer was checked
source
Spring work = ½k(x1² − x2²) (NCEES FE Reference Handbook)released to natural length
verified by
hand-recomputed
derivation
U = 0.5·200·(0.01 − 0) = 1 J; v = √(2·1/0.5) = 2 m/s exactly.

Example 3

US friction stop: 2-slug block at 30 ft/s, μ=0.5 — how far does it slide?

Given

mass
2 slug
initial velocity
30 ft/s
final velocity
0 ft/s
solve for
distance
work terms
  1. 1.kind frictionfriction coefficient 0.5normal force 64.348 lbf

Assumptions

  • The body is treated as a particle; work terms are the TOTAL work done on it between states 1 and 2; g = 9.80665 m/s².

Solution steps

  1. Set up the work–energy theorem

    The change in kinetic energy equals the total work done on the body.

    T1 + ΣU = T2 with T = m·v²/2

    Fixed work ΣU = 0 ft·lbf plus -32.17 lbf per unit distance

  2. Solve for the distance

    The unknown distance appears linearly in the work sum.

    d = (ΔT − W_fixed)/c

    ΔT = -900 ft·lbf; d = 27.97 ft

    = 27.97 ft

Results

Solved distance

27.97ft

Change in kinetic energy ΔT

-900ft·lbf

Where this answer was checked
source
Cross-check closed form d = v0²/(2·μ·g)friction-only stop, solve for distance
verified by
hand-recomputed
derivation
N = m·g = 2·32.174 = 64.348 lbf. ΔT = 0 − 0.5·2·900 = −900 ft·lbf; friction = −0.5·64.348·d. d = 900/32.174 = 27.973 ft. Independent check: v0²/(2·μ·g) = 900/(2·0.5·32.174) = 27.973 ✓.