Skip to content
CivilSolve

Statics & Mechanics of Materials

Friction on an Incline

Find normal force, available friction, and the force needed to move a block on an incline. Compare static and kinetic friction with worked steps.

Direct solving is free and needs no account. Have a word problem instead? Submit it as text.

Inputs

Load a sample problem:

Worked examples

These are the solver's own reference problems — the answers come from published sources or independent hand computation, never from the solver itself. The solution below is the live solver output for each.

Example 1

flat ground: W = 100 N, μs = 0.3

Given

weight
100 N
incline angle deg
0
static friction
0.3

Assumptions

  • Rigid block on a plane surface; friction follows the Coulomb model f ≤ μs·N; the applied force (if any) acts in the vertical plane of the slope.

Solution steps

  1. Resolve the weight on the incline

    The weight splits into a component pressing into the surface and one pulling down the slope.

    N0 = W·cosθ; W_par = W·sinθ

    N0 = 100 N; W_par = 0 N

  2. Does it slide by itself?

    The block stays put while the down-slope pull is within the friction available: tanθ ≤ μs.

    slides when tanθ > μs

    tanθ = 0 vs μs = 0.3 — the block holds (no sliding)

  3. Force to start moving up the slope

    Pushing up-slope must beat both the weight component and full static friction.

    P_start = W·sinθ + μs·W·cosθ

    P_start = 30 N

    = 30 N

Results

Normal force N (no applied force)

0.1kN

Weight component along slope

0kN

Slides without help? (1 = yes, 0 = no)

0

Force (parallel) to start up-slope

0.03kN

Where this answer was checked
source
f_max = μs·N on level groundforce to start sliding
verified by
hand-recomputed
derivation
N = 100 N; P_start = 0 + 0.3·100 = 30 N.

Example 2

steep slope slides on its own: θ = 30°, μs = 0.5

Given

weight
200 N
incline angle deg
30
static friction
0.5

Assumptions

  • Rigid block on a plane surface; friction follows the Coulomb model f ≤ μs·N; the applied force (if any) acts in the vertical plane of the slope.

Solution steps

  1. Resolve the weight on the incline

    The weight splits into a component pressing into the surface and one pulling down the slope.

    N0 = W·cosθ; W_par = W·sinθ

    N0 = 173.2 N; W_par = 100 N

  2. Does it slide by itself?

    The block stays put while the down-slope pull is within the friction available: tanθ ≤ μs.

    slides when tanθ > μs

    tanθ = 0.5774 vs μs = 0.5 — the block SLIDES on its own

  3. Force to start moving up the slope

    Pushing up-slope must beat both the weight component and full static friction.

    P_start = W·sinθ + μs·W·cosθ

    P_start = 186.6 N

    = 186.6 N

Results

Normal force N (no applied force)

0.1732kN

Weight component along slope

0.1kN

Slides without help? (1 = yes, 0 = no)

1

Force (parallel) to start up-slope

0.1866kN

Where this answer was checked
source
Slides when tanθ > μsself-sliding check
verified by
hand-recomputed
derivation
tan30° = 0.5774 > 0.5 → slides. N = 200·cos30 = 173.2 N; W_par = 100 N.

Example 3

mass input with both coefficients: 50 kg at 20°, μs = 0.4, μk = 0.3

Given

mass
50 kg
incline angle deg
20
static friction
0.4
kinetic friction
0.3

Assumptions

  • Rigid block on a plane surface; friction follows the Coulomb model f ≤ μs·N; the applied force (if any) acts in the vertical plane of the slope.

Solution steps

  1. Resolve the weight on the incline

    The weight splits into a component pressing into the surface and one pulling down the slope.

    N0 = W·cosθ; W_par = W·sinθ

    N0 = 460.8 N; W_par = 167.7 N

  2. Does it slide by itself?

    The block stays put while the down-slope pull is within the friction available: tanθ ≤ μs.

    slides when tanθ > μs

    tanθ = 0.364 vs μs = 0.4 — the block holds (no sliding)

  3. Force to start moving up the slope

    Pushing up-slope must beat both the weight component and full static friction.

    P_start = W·sinθ + μs·W·cosθ

    P_start = 352 N

    = 352 N

  4. Force to keep it moving

    Once moving, kinetic friction (μk) applies.

    P_keep = 305.9 N

Results

Normal force N (no applied force)

0.4608kN

Weight component along slope

0.1677kN

Slides without help? (1 = yes, 0 = no)

0

Force (parallel) to start up-slope

0.352kN

Force (parallel) to keep moving up-slope

0.3059kN

Where this answer was checked
source
P_start = W·sinθ + μs·W·cosθ; P_keep with μkstart vs keep-moving forces
verified by
hand-recomputed
derivation
W = 50·9.80665 = 490.33 N. cos20 = 0.93969, sin20 = 0.34202. N = 460.76; W_par = 167.70. P_start = 167.70 + 0.4·460.76 = 352.00 N. P_keep = 167.70 + 0.3·460.76 = 305.93 N. tan20 = 0.364 < 0.4 → holds.